īenowitz LI, He Z, Goldberg JL (2015) Reaching the brain: advances in optic nerve regeneration. Morquette B, Morquette P, Agostinone J, Feinstein E, McKinney RA, Kolta A, Di Polo A (2015) REDD2-mediated inhibition of mTOR promotes dendrite retraction induced by axonal injury. Pang JJ, Frankfort BJ, Gross RL, Wu SM (2015) Elevated intraocular pressure decreases response sensitivity of inner retinal neurons in experimental glaucoma mice. Altogether, this work launches dendritic shrinkage as a prerequisite for efficient axonal regrowth of adult vertebrate neurons, and indicates that molecular/mechanistic analysis of dendritic responses after damage might represent a powerful target-discovery platform for neural repair.ĭella Santina L, Inman DM, Lupien CB, Horner PJ, Wong RO (2013) Differential progression of structural and functional alterations in distinct retinal ganglion cell types in a mouse model of glaucoma. Strikingly, both retinal mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibition after ONC consecutively inhibited RGC synapto-dendritic deterioration and axonal regrowth, thus invigorating an antagonistic interplay wherein mature dendrites restrain axonal regrowth. Moreover, dendrites majorly shrank before the start of axonal regrowth and were only triggered to regrow upon RGC target contact initiation, altogether suggestive for a counteractive interplay between axons and dendrites after neuronal injury. A longitudinal study in which retinal ganglion cell (RGC) dendritic remodeling and axonal regrowth were assessed side-by-side after ONC, revealed that-as during development-RGC axogenesis precedes dendritogenesis during central nervous system (CNS) repair. To unravel the inherent dendritic response of vertebrate neurons undergoing successful axonal regeneration, regeneration-competent adult zebrafish of either sex, subjected to optic nerve crush (ONC), were used. Moreover, whereas developmental studies indicate a strict temporal separation of axogenesis and dendritogenesis and thus suggest a potential interdependency of axonal and dendritic outgrowth, a possible axon-dendrite interaction during regeneration remains unexplored. Nowadays, neuroregenerative research largely focuses on improving axonal regrowth, leaving the regenerative properties of dendrites largely unstudied. Neural insults and neurodegenerative diseases typically result in permanent functional deficits, making the identification of novel pro-regenerative molecules and mechanisms a primary research topic.
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